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Primavera berbera: una rivoluzione da non dimenticare

italia Written by Graziana Coco
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BERBER-WOMAN-OLDALGERI- Diverse primavere si sono affacciate sul Mediterraneo e la storia di quella odierna non è frutto di un tiepido risveglio. Nel 1980, in Algeria,  “sbocciò” la cosiddetta Primavera berbera” che infuocò gli animi del popolo berbero, un popolo che subito dopo l’indipendenza avvenuta nel 1962 ha dovuto lottare per i propri diritti.

A distanza di decenni quella lotta continua e per molti analisti politici presto, la minoranza berbera dell’Algeria potrebbe ritornare in piazza per manifestare ancora i propri malumori.


Chi sono i berberi dell’Algeria?

 Nel complesso delle popolazioni di lingua berbera del Nordafrica, i Cabili che prendono il nome dalla regione Cabilia, rappresentano il secondo gruppo più numeroso dopo gli Chleuhs del sud del Marocco.

La Cabilia è una regione del Nord dell'Algeria, a pochi chilometri a est della capitale Algeri. Nelle sue 3 province centrali (Tizi Ouzou, Bouira e Bejaia), si concentrano circa 5 milioni dei 6-7 milioni di algerini-Cabili (l'altra grossa fetta (tra 1 e 2 milioni) è residente nella città di Algeri e dintorni).  L’indipendenza e la politica linguistica algerina portarono a un'arabizzazione massiccia dell'amministrazione e dell'insegnamento, così la lingua berbera della Cabilia venne per lungo tempo esclusa dalla Costituzione e duramente perseguitata. 

Come vivono i cabili in Algeria la nuova ondata rivoluzionaria?

  1.  
  2. La situazione odierna è molto instabile e il movimento berbero è in fase di stallo. In prima linea, la Cabilia ha rotto il muro della paura, nel mese dell’ aprile 198, chiedendo a gran voce il riconoscimento della loro lingua, il cabilo (taqbaylit), e delle loro cultura.
  3. Dopo gli scontri sanguinosi avvenuti in diversi periodi le autorità algerine hanno concesso una "apertura democratica" rompendo un tabù simbolico ma senza alcun effetto pratico nella realtà. Nel frattempo, una deliberata politica algerina di reinsediamento ha continuato a imporre nuove "tradizioni" a scapito della cultura e della lingua berbera costringendo ancora una volta all’isolamento e al declino della comunità.
  4. L'idea di autonomia avviata nel luglio 1998 da un gruppo di intellettuali e ripresa nel giugno 2010 da un nucleo di attivisti che ha creato il Movimento per l'autonomia della Cabilia (MaK) e un Governo Provvisorio della Cabilia (GPK) ha come fine un "divorzio amichevole con l'Algeria" e ha attirato un gran numero di giovani.


Ma la Cabilia, politicamente neutralizzata oggi,  appare come una polveriera a cielo aperto. Secondo un reportage pubblicato da Le Figaro in questa zona si sono creati  i presupposti  per l’ illegalità e il terrorismo. Di fronte a un regime in crisi e incapace di offrire diritti a un popolo che dagli anni ’80 sta chiedendo di essere riconosciuto e di fronte alla povertà,  la mancanza di prospettive potrebbe crescere e radicarsi nei giovani cabili che impazienti potrebbero cavalcare l’onda rivoluzionaria araba o addirittura sposare l’idea terroristica.


Friday 22 July 2011


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